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INSPIRE Publications
We aim to:
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Understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 on health.
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Identify factors influencing symptom variations and outcomes.
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Assess the impact on healthcare access and disparities.
Key Findings
Over the past four years, the INSPIRE Registry has yielded important insights into COVID-19's effects. These findings have informed several publications, which are available below.
08/22/2024
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic
Hill, M.J., Huebinger, R.M., Ebna Mannan, I. et al. Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8
07/29/2024
The Association Between Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Symptoms and Work Outcomes
Venkatesh AK, Yu H, Malicki C, Gottlieb M, Elmore JG, Hill MJ, Idris AH, Montoy JCC, O'Laughlin KN, Rising KL, Stephens KA, Spatz ES, Weinstein RA; INSPIRE Group. The association between prolonged SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and work outcomes. PLoS One. 2024 Jul 29;19(7):e0300947. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300947. PMID: 39074096; PMCID: PMC11285965.
07/24/2024
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Unger ER, Lin JS, Wisk LE, Yu H, L'Hommedieu M, Lavretsky H, Montoy JCC, Gottlieb MA, Rising KL, Gentile NL, Santangelo M, Venkatesh AK, Rodriguez RM, Hill MJ, Geyer RE, Kean ER, Saydah S, McDonald SA, Huebinger R, Idris AH, Dorney J, Hota B, Spatz ES, Stephens KA, Weinstein RA, Elmore JG; Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) Group. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2423555. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.23555. PMID: 39046739; PMCID: PMC11270135.
01/30/2024
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Symptoms, Health, Activity and Work 3 and 6 Months After a COVID-19 Infection
O'Laughlin KN, Klabbers RE, Ebna Mannan I, Gentile NL, Geyer RE, Zheng Z, Yu H, Li SX, Chan KCG, Spatz ES, Wang RC, L'Hommedieu M, Weinstein RA, Plumb ID, Gottlieb M, Huebinger RM, Hagen M, Elmore JG, Hill MJ, Kelly M, McDonald S, Rising KL, Rodriguez RM, Venkatesh A, Idris AH, Santangelo M, Koo K, Saydah S, Nichol G, Stephens KA; INSPIRE Group. Ethnic and racial differences in self-reported symptoms, health status, activity level, and missed work at 3 and 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 30;11:1324636. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1324636. PMID: 38352132; PMCID: PMC10861779.
08/10/2023
A Comparison of Continued Symptoms Up to One Year After Testing for COVID-like illness
Montoy JCC, Ford J, Yu H, Gottlieb M, Morse D, Santangelo M, O'Laughlin KN, Schaeffer K, Logan P, Rising K, Hill MJ, Wisk LE, Salah W, Idris AH, Huebinger RM, Spatz ES, Rodriguez RM, Klabbers RE, Gatling K, Wang RC, Elmore JG, McDonald SA, Stephens KA, Weinstein RA, Venkatesh AK, Saydah S; Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) Group. Prevalence of Symptoms ≤12 Months After Acute Illness, by COVID-19 Testing Status Among Adults - United States, December 2020-March 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Aug 11;72(32):859-865. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7232a2. PMID: 37561663; PMCID: PMC10415002.
05/31/2023
Presentation of Long COVID up to 6 Months After Infection in the INSPIRE Registry
Gottlieb M, Spatz ES, Yu H, Wisk LE, Elmore JG, Gentile NL, Hill M, Huebinger RM, Idris AH, Kean ER, Koo K, Li SX, McDonald S, Montoy JCC, Nichol G, O'Laughlin KN, Plumb ID, Rising KL, Santangelo M, Saydah S, Wang RC, Venkatesh A, Stephens KA, Weinstein RA; INSPIRE Group. Long COVID Clinical Phenotypes up to 6 Months After Infection Identified by Latent Class Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 May 31;10(7):ofad277. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad277. PMID: 37426952; PMCID: PMC10327879.
05/23/2023
The Impact of COVID-19 Variants on COVID-19 Symptoms Three Months After Infection
Ralph C Wang, Michael Gottlieb, Juan Carlos C Montoy, Robert M Rodriguez, Huihui Yu, Erica S Spatz, Christopher W Chandler, Joann G Elmore, Paavali A Hannikainen, Anna Marie Chang, Mandy Hill, Ryan M Huebinger, Ahamed H Idris, Katherine Koo, Shu-Xia Li, Samuel McDonald, Graham Nichol, Kelli N O’Laughlin, Ian D Plumb, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Kari A Stephens, Arjun K Venkatesh, Robert A Weinstein, Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) Group , Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Frequency of Acute Symptoms: Analysis of a Multi-institutional Prospective Cohort Study—December 20, 2020—June 20, 2022, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 10, Issue 7, July 2023, ofad275, https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad275
01/27/2023
Different Versions of the COVID-19 Virus (Original Virus, Delta, Omicron) and Symptoms in Adults
Michael Gottlieb, Ralph C Wang, Huihui Yu, Erica S Spatz, Juan Carlos C Montoy, Robert M Rodriguez, Anna Marie Chang, Joann G Elmore, Paavali A Hannikainen, Mandy Hill, Ryan M Huebinger, Ahamed H Idris, Zhenqiu Lin, Katherine Koo, Samuel McDonald, Kelli N O’Laughlin, Ian D Plumb, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Michael Willis, Lauren E Wisk, Arjun Venkatesh, Kari A Stephens, Robert A Weinstein, for the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) Group , Severe Fatigue and Persistent Symptoms at 3 Months Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections During the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Time Periods: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 11, 1 June 2023, Pages 1930–1941, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad045
12/27/2022
Long COVID-19 Symptoms May Last Up to 6 Months After Infection According to Information From Participant Surveys
Erica S Spatz, Michael Gottlieb, Lauren E Wisk, Jill Anderson, Anna Marie Chang, Nicole L Gentile, Mandy J Hill, Ryan M Huebinger, Ahamed H Idris, Jeremiah Kinsman, Katherine Koo, Shu-Xia Li, Samuel McDonald, Ian D Plumb, Robert M Rodriguez, Sharon Saydah, Benjamin Slovis, Kari A Stephens, Elizabeth R Unger, Ralph C Wang, Huihui Yu, Bala Hota, Joann G Elmore, Robert A Weinstein, Arjun Venkatesh, Three-Month Symptom Profiles Among Symptomatic Adults With Positive and Negative Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Tests: A Prospective Cohort Study From the INSPIRE Group, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 9, 1 May 2023, Pages 1559–1566, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac966
12/01/2022
Adults Who Tested for COVID-19 Have Symptoms 3 Months After First Getting Sick
Wisk LE, Gottlieb MA, Spatz ES, et al. Association of Initial SARS-CoV-2 Test Positivity With Patient-Reported Well-being 3 Months After a Symptomatic Illness. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(12):e2244486. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44486
03/03/2022
Information About the INSPIRE Study: A Long-Term Studyof Medium- and Long-Term Symptoms of COVID-19
O'Laughlin KN, Thompson M, Hota B, Gottlieb M, Plumb ID, Chang AM, Wisk LE, Hall AJ, Wang RC, Spatz ES, Stephens KA, Huebinger RM, McDonald SA, Venkatesh A, Gentile N, Slovis BH, Hill M, Saydah S, Idris AH, Rodriguez R, Krumholz HM, Elmore JG, Weinstein RA, Nichol G; INSPIRE Investigators. Study protocol for the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE): A longitudinal study of the medium and long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 3;17(3):e0264260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264260. PMID: 35239680; PMCID: PMC8893622.
CDC-INSPIRE COVID-19 Data Tracker
In partnership with the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the INSPIRE Registry developed a COVID-19 data tracker detailing self-reported symptoms from the study cohort. This approach assessed persons over time on any new or ongoing symptoms and conditions across a maximum of 18 months. The final update was assessed through April 2023.
If you would like to learn more, please visit the
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) COVI-19 data tracker here.
For any publication inquiries, please fill out this form or email us directly at:
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